Journal: Marine Drugs

Article Title: Phycoerythrin Peptide from Pyropia yezoensis Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Caused by Perfluorooctane Sulfonate-Induced Calcium Dysregulation

doi: 10.3390/md16020044

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of PYP pretreatment on PFOS-induced GRP78 expression and its underlying mechanisms. Inhibition of CaMKII and JNK phosphorylation with KN62 (10 µM) and SP600125 (10 µM), respectively, decreased the PFOS-induced increase in GRP78 expression as effectively as the PYP (1 µg/mL) pretreatment. The PYP-induced decrease in GRP78 expression was abolished by blocking the TrkB receptor and inhibiting PI3K and ERK1/2 activation with cyclotraxin B (200 nM), LY294002 (20 µM), and SL327 (10 µM), respectively. The data were expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. * p < 0.05 versus control group; # p < 0.05 versus PFOS treatment; ## p < 0.05 versus PYP pretreatment; Cont, control.

Article Snippet: JNK inhibitor (SP600125; 10 μM), CaMKII inhibitor (KN62; 10 μM), TrkB receptor antagonist (cyclotraxin B; 200 nM), PI3K inhibitor (LY294002; 20 μM), and ERK1/2 inhibitor (SL327; 10 μM) were obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Minneapolis, MN, USA) and were incubated for 30 min prior to PYP or PFOS treatments.

Techniques: Expressing, Inhibition, Phospho-proteomics, Blocking Assay, Activation Assay, Control

Journal: Marine Drugs

Article Title: Phycoerythrin Peptide from Pyropia yezoensis Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Caused by Perfluorooctane Sulfonate-Induced Calcium Dysregulation

doi: 10.3390/md16020044

Figure Lengend Snippet: PYP-induced decrease in phosphorylation of JNK linked to CaMKII by PFOS exposure. CaMKII phosphorylation was upregulated due to PFOS exposure and downregulated by PYP (1 µg/mL) pretreatment. The PYP-induced decrease in CaMKII phosphorylation was abolished by blocking the TrkB receptor and inhibiting PI3K and ERK1/2 activation with cyclotraxin B (200 nM), LY294002 (20 µM), and SL327 (10 µM), respectively. Inhibiting JNK did not affect the PFOS-induced increase in CaMKII phosphorylation ( A ); JNK phosphorylation was also downregulated by PYP-induced TrkB receptor-linked ERK1/2 activation. The PFOS-induced increase in JNK phosphorylation was particularly downregulated by inhibiting CaMKII activation with 10 µM of KN62 ( B ). The data were expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. * p < 0.05 versus control group; # p < 0.05 versus PFOS treatment; ## p < 0.05 versus PYP pretreatment; Cont, control.

Article Snippet: JNK inhibitor (SP600125; 10 μM), CaMKII inhibitor (KN62; 10 μM), TrkB receptor antagonist (cyclotraxin B; 200 nM), PI3K inhibitor (LY294002; 20 μM), and ERK1/2 inhibitor (SL327; 10 μM) were obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Minneapolis, MN, USA) and were incubated for 30 min prior to PYP or PFOS treatments.

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Blocking Assay, Activation Assay, Control

Journal: Marine Drugs

Article Title: Phycoerythrin Peptide from Pyropia yezoensis Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Caused by Perfluorooctane Sulfonate-Induced Calcium Dysregulation

doi: 10.3390/md16020044

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of a proposed mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of PYP against PFOS exposure in frontal cortical neurons. The expression level of GRP78 by PFOS exposure is mediated by phosphorylation of JNK linked to CaMKII. PYP downregulates the JNK-mediated increase in ER stress by PFOS via the activation of TrkB receptor-linked ERK1/2 signaling. Thus, PYP protects frontal cortical neurons from ER stress caused by PFOS-induced calcium dysregulation.

Article Snippet: JNK inhibitor (SP600125; 10 μM), CaMKII inhibitor (KN62; 10 μM), TrkB receptor antagonist (cyclotraxin B; 200 nM), PI3K inhibitor (LY294002; 20 μM), and ERK1/2 inhibitor (SL327; 10 μM) were obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Minneapolis, MN, USA) and were incubated for 30 min prior to PYP or PFOS treatments.

Techniques: Expressing, Phospho-proteomics, Activation Assay